优化营商环境之建设项目 环评知识问答 （第一期） 项目环境准入 Project Environmental Access
1.建设项目按环境影响分类可以分为哪几类？上海市总体的生态环境准入要求是什么？
建设项目按环境影响类型还可分为污染影响类（如制造业、热电联产、电力等）、生态影响类（如农业、林业、房地产业等）和核与辐射类建设项目[1]。 上海市建立了覆盖全市的“三线一单”生态环境分区管控体系。全市划分优先保护、重点管控、一般管控三大类共359个环境管控单元，并根据单元特征，有针对地制定了生态环境准入清单。建设单位应根据项目所在位置，查询管控单元分类，并满足相应的环境准入及管控要求[2]。
1.Into which categories can construction projects be classified based on environmental impact? What are the overall ecological environmental access requirements of Shanghai?
Construction projects can be classified by environmental impact type into Pollution Impact Class (e.g., manufacturing, cogeneration, electric power), Ecological Impact Class (e.g., agriculture, forestry, real estate), and Nuclear and Radiation Class construction projects [1].
Shanghai has established a citywide "Three Lines One Permit" (Ecological protection red line, environmental quality bottom line, resource utilization upper limit, and ecological environmental access list) ecological environment zoning control system. The city is divided into three categories of environmental control units totaling 359 units: Priority Protection, Key Control, and General Control. Based on the characteristics of the units, targeted ecological environmental access lists have been formulated. Construction units should query the classification of the control unit based on the project location and meet the corresponding environmental access and control requirements [2].
2. 产业类项目的生态环境准入主要有哪些要求，包括哪些内容？
建设项目首先应符合上海市的分区管控要求；若所在行政区有特别要求的，还应满足区级的生态环境准入要求；若位于产业园区内，应满足产业园区的生态环境准入要求；若位于产业园区外，应满足产业园区外的生态环境准入要求，如“智造空间”和新材料中试基地等[2~4]。
2.What are the main ecological environmental access requirements for industrial projects, and what do they include?
Construction projects must first comply with Shanghai's zoning control requirements; secondly, if the administrative district where it is located has special requirements, it must also meet the district-level ecological environmental access requirements; finally, if located within an industrial park, it must meet the industrial park's ecological environmental access requirements; if located outside an industrial park, it must meet the ecological environmental access requirements outside industrial parks, such as "Smart Manufacturing Space" and New Material Pilot Bases [2~4].
3.产业类项目建设单位的项目选址在产业园区内，除分区管控要求外，还应满足哪些生态环境准入要求？
产业园区应完成规划环境影响评价的编制和审查。建设项目需满足产业园区规划环评中明确的项目准入清单和产业控制带等生态环境准入要求。
3.If the site of an industrial project is within an industrial park, what ecological environmental access requirements must be met in addition to zoning control requirements?
Industrial parks citywide should complete the compilation and review of Planning Environmental Impact Assessments (Planning EIA). Construction projects need to meet the ecological environmental access requirements such as the project access list and industrial control belts specified in the industrial park's Planning EIA.
4.产业类项目建设单位的项目选址在产业园区外，还应有哪些进一步的生态环境准入要求？
选址于产业园区外的产业类建设项目应通过优质项目认定。根据项目选址位置，还可能涉及完成区域评估的成片区域、“智造空间”及新材料中试基地的生态环境准入要求[3~4]。
4.If the site of an industrial project is outside an industrial park, what further ecological environmental access requirements should there be?
Industrial construction projects sited outside industrial parks should pass the High-Quality Project Recognition. Depending on the project location, it may also involve ecological environmental access requirements for contiguous areas that have completed regional assessments, "Smart Manufacturing Spaces," and New Material Pilot Bases[3~4].
5.“智造空间”的优势有哪些？
智造空间是指通过将轻生产、低噪音、环保型制造业企业向高层楼宇集聚，形成垂直化、集约化的工业生产空间。其目标是通过“工业上楼”，缓解土地资源紧缺问题，同时推动制造业向高端化、智能化、绿色化转型。其优势在于打破容积率限制、打破产业界限、打破产业园区内外。“智造空间”的名单由经信委每年发布[5]。
5.What are the advantages of "Smart Manufacturing Space"?
Smart Manufacturing Space refers to the formation of vertical, intensive industrial production spaces by gathering light-production, low-noise, and environmentally friendly manufacturing enterprises into high-rise buildings. Its goal is to alleviate the shortage of land resources through "Industry Going Upstairs" while promoting the transformation of manufacturing towards high-end, intelligent, and green development. Its advantages lie in breaking floor area ratio (FAR) limits, breaking industry boundaries, and breaking the inside/outside distinction of industrial parks. The list of "Smart Manufacturing Spaces" is published annually by Shanghai Economy and Information Technology Commission[5].
6.产业园区外“智造空间”有哪些进一步的环境准入要求？
优先引入在资源、能源消耗水平，污染物排放水平以及环境风险管控、环境管理方面具有优势的企业，鼓励企业采用先进工艺、设备。释放有毒有害物质、恶臭异味物质等易引发居民投诉的项目均不可引入[3]。
6.What further environmental access requirements exist for "Smart Manufacturing Space" outside industrial parks?
Priority is given to introducing enterprises with advantages in resource and energy consumption levels, pollutant emission levels, environmental risk control, and environmental management. Enterprises are encouraged to adopt advanced processes and equipment. Projects that release toxic and harmful substances, malodorous substances, or other substances likely to cause resident complaints could not be introduced[3].
7.如何快速查询建设单位的项目选址是否符合所在地的生态环境准入要求？
可以使用随申办APP或小程序中生态环境分区管控空间分析模块进行查询；也可使用上海一网通办（http：//zwdt.sh.gov.cn）智能客服或“环境 e小二”进行线上咨询，也可电话或窗口咨询属地街镇、园区生态环境管理部门和辖区内生态环境主管部门。
全市各级生态环境主管部门联系方式可以在上海一网通办网站中搜索“建设项目环境影响评价审批”事项，查找咨询电话和咨询窗口地址。
7.How can a construction unit quickly query whether their project site meets the local ecological environmental access requirements?
You can use the "Ecological Environment Zoning Control Spatial Analysis Module" in the "Suishenban" APP or Mini Program for inquiries; you can also use the Shanghai "One Network to Handle All" (http://zwdt.sh.gov.cn) intelligent customer service or "Environment e-Waiter" for online consultation. You may also consult the territorial sub-district/town, park ecological environment management departments, and the jurisdictional ecological environment competent department via phone or service window.
Contact information for ecological environment competent departments at all levels in the city can be found by searching for "Construction Project Environmental Impact Assessment Approval" items on the Shanghai "One Network to Handle All" website to find consultation phone numbers and window addresses.
１.《上海市生态环境局关于印发修订后的〈关于规范本市建设项目环境影响评价调整变更工作的通知〉的通知》（沪环规〔2023〕1号）
２.《上海市生态环境局关于公布上海市生态环境分区管控更新成果（2023版）的通知》
3.《上海市生态环境局关于印发〈上海市“智造空间”生态环境保护指引（2023年版）〉的通知》（沪环评〔2023〕205号）
4.《上海市生态环境局关于印发〈上海市新材料中试基地和中试项目生态环境保护指引（2024年版）〉的通知》（沪环评〔2024〕120号）
5.《上海市人民政府办公厅印发〈关于推动“工业上楼”打造“智造空间”的若干措施〉的通知》（沪府办规〔2023〕21号）
